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He began his naval career in 1933, one of the few officers to spend his entire career in the German U-Boat service. Despite the somewhat dashing image of the U-Boat crewman during World War II, U-Boat patrols were generally long and uncomfortable affairs where space was extremely limited, and luxuries such as bathing and shaving often sacrificed to preserve potable water stores. Consequently, the handsome and clean-shaven U-Boat officer who embarked on a U-Boat patrol usually returned a scruffy, bearded shadow of his former self. At the height of his career, he undertook 8 patrols for 130 days in U-58, and 5 patrols for 178 days in command of U-94.